Q
Additionality
"The Ghana air conditioner standard depends on the construction of a modern testing laboratory. 
"This is an expensive piece of equipment, difficult to maintain and require a trained staff.  Few developing countries have government-run testing labs, because of these barriers.
"There are no plans to build a testing lab in Ghana, and thus according to the policy of the Government and to avoid unnecessary litigation, the standard will only be voluntary without the testing lab, the primary means of enforcement and monitoring.  As such, the standard will most likely be worthless in terms of getting the least efficient models dropped from the market. 
"Only with carbon investment is the testing lab likely to get built and the standard – with all of its benefits – likely to be implemented.