A significant and growing branch of energy planning focuses on the issue of energy services as the starting point for analysis and design of a suitable response to the lack of energy for development issue. Energy access is becoming increasingly common part of our vocabulary as we address the issues of poverty, women, environmental and social issues, cost considerations and so on. It moves us outside the concept of Ôenergy as a sectorÕ and moving us decisively away from a Ôbusiness as usualÕ scenario.

As we refine our approach to energy access it is becoming clear that the provision of the services can be associated with particular forms of energy, namelyÉnext slide